[DOWNLOAD] Activity 8 1 A Presumptive Test For Blood Answers
Marriage Laws currently lists eight states that require blood tests. In those states, the state clerk cannot issue a marriage license until the blood test results have been presented. Content of the Lesson: Once you know that a stain is blood, what...
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Pattern and shape: The shape and pattern of blood drops can reveal important information about the nature of the wound from which the blood came. Was the bleeding person standing still or walking? What distance did the blood drop fall? Did the blood...
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Mixing blood types has serious consequences. For example, when type A blood is mixed with type B blood, the antigens on the type A red blood cells react with the serum antibodies of type B blood. This antibody antigen reaction causes severe clumping agglutination of the red blood cells. This tends to block blood vessels, resulting in brain and kidney damage and, ultimately, death. Those with type O blood are called universal donors. Those with type AB blood are called universal recipients since they have no plasma antibodies to react with the antigens found on A, B, and O types of red blood cells.
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How Does The Kastle-Meyer Test Detect Blood?
Wear protective gloves. Dispose of all samples in a biohazard container provided. Data Table 1 Stains Color Pink or not pink? Describe your observations Is it blood or not blood? Blood stain positive control Ketchup negative control Unknown 1 Unknown 2 Questions 1. Complete the following Data Table indicating the role or function of each of the chemical reagents used in this experiment. Chemical 1, Deionized Water Function Used to help dissolve blood from the stained fabric 2. Phenolphthalein Serves as the oxygen acceptor Oxidized phenolthalein turns pink Color indicator 4. Hydrogen Peroxide Substrate for the perioxidase-like chemicals found in hemoglobin 2. Explain the role of using both a positive and negative control group before testing the unknown stains. Positive control Used to verify that all chemical reagents are functioning in the expected manner.
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If the expected color change does not occur using the positive control, then new reagents are needed before testing any unknowns. Negative Control Used to verify that a pink color will not result when using these reagents. If a pink color is produced with the negative control, you need to get new reagents. There could possibly be some contamination of your reagents. If animal blood is different from Human blood, how it is possible to get a positive reaction with the Kastle-Meyer test using dog blood? The Kastle-Meyer Test detects the presence of Heme found in hemoglobin of the blood. Both a dogs and humans have hemoglobin in their blood. Therefore, both dog and human blood will produce a positive reaction using the Kastle-Meyer test.
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List two types of materials that might produce a false positive test when performing the Kastle-Meyer test for the presence of blood. Raw vegetables such as potatoes, beets and horseradish contain perioxidases. Animal blood will produce a positive reaction using the Kastle-Meyer tests. Why is it important to use a cotton swab when doing this test? It is important to preserve the evidence and avoid any contamination of the original piece of evidence. The bloody fabric may need to be reexamined at a later date. Therefore, avoid adding anything to the original stained fabric. Suppose that a red stain was found in a bathtub along with some bath water.
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Would it be possible to detect the blood since it might have been diluted? The Kastle-Meyer blood test is sensitive to dilutions of one part blood to 10,s parts water. If the dilution of the blood does not exceed this level, then the blood could indicate a positive reaction. The more diluted the blood, the lighter the reaction color. When should the pink color first be evident: a. When applying the phenolthalein to the cotton swab or b.
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When applying the Hydrogen Peroxide to the cotton swab Explain your answer. The pink color should only be visible after adding the Hydrogen Peroxide. If the pink color appears after adding the phenolthalein, something is wrong. A new test should be performed. Recall the pink color occurs after the oxygen is released from the Hydrogen Peroxide. It is the heme molecule that acts as the perioxidase causing the Hydrogen Peroxide to break down. If the Hydrogen Peroxide is not yet added, there is extra oxygen already present. Further Research 1. Research the history of using this method as a presumptive blood test. Investigate the role of each of the scientists: a.
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Louis-Jacques Thenard discovered Hydrogen Peroxide in b. Christian Freidrich Schonbein developed one of the first presumptive tests in c. Meyer later refined and improved on Dr. Research how to distinguish dog blood from human blood. To determine if blood is human or blood from some other animal, a Precipitin test is performed. Essentially, this test utilizes an antigen, antibody response. This test was developed in Germany in by Paul Uhlenhuth. To determine if the blood is human, it is necessary to produce anti-human antibodies.
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Injecting some human blood into a different animal, a rabbit for example does this. When human blood is injected into the rabbit, the rabbit produces anti-human antibodies or anti-serum. To perform the precipitin test, a sample of the suspected human blood in placed in the depression of a gelatin coated depression slide. Anti-human antibodies or anti-serum if placed on the opposite side of the depression slide. After applying an electric current, the protein molecules in the two samples migrate towards each other forming a precipitin line where the proteins combine antigen and antibodies. To determine if the blood sample was from a dog, a precipitin test would be performed. Once these anti-dog antibodies are formed they would be combined with a sample of the suspected dog blood.
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If a precipitin line forms, this indicates that the blood was from a dog. Over 13 canine blood groups have been described. Investigate the presumptive test for the presence of semen. Describe how this test is performed. Semen evidence may not be visible to the naked eye. However, with a black light semen may appear as white or blue light. Because urine may also produce the same color it is not possible to be certain if the stain is from Urine or semen. If the stain is examine under a microscope, it would be possible to view Sperm. A limitation of this test is that not all men produce sperm, or, may Produce sperm in such low numbers that the sperm may not be detected. Semen can be chemically analyzed for the presence of Acid Phosphatase. This is an enzyme in high concentrations in semen. The stain is treated with a mixture of Calcium alpha-naphthyl phosphate and II-naphthylin diazo bluB. If the stain turns a purplish-glue color, then the stain contains semen.
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If a man had a vasectomy, is it possible to check the examine bed sheets for the presence of semen. Yes, Sperm are not necessary to confirm the presence of semen. As described above, a chemical test testing for the presence of Acid Phosphatase found in semen can be performed. Famous Case Histories involving Blood.
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Research each of the following cases. Explain the role of blood in helping to solve the crime. He tried to Tell the Judge that the red stain was from a wood dye used during his Work with carpentry. However, Uhlenhuth had just published a paper dated Aug. Tessnow was sentenced to death. Simpson Case Blood evidence was found not only at the crime scene, but also on O.
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Seeing Red – Presumptive Tests For Blood – TheGIST
This trail of blood linked O. Simpson to the crime scene. The many crime scene investigators and police who arrived at the murder scene contaminated Blood evidence. Blood evidence photographed on the back of Nicole Simpson was later lost when crime scene investigators turned over her body. Simpson was not convicted of this crime. Many people feel that although the DNA evidence linked him to the crime, the fact that so much of the evidence was not properly handled and processed led some people to feel that all of the evidence could not be used against O. He was later held responsible for the murders of his wife, Nicole Simpson and a young man named Ron Goldman in a civil lawsuit. What are secretors? Eighty percent of the population is known as secretors. Within their body fluids such as saliva, perspiration, urine and semen are some of the same substances that are found in their blood.
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When were secretors first identified? How can the classification of a secretor vs. This meant that the blood type of an individual could be determined in the absence of blood as long as some other body fluid was available.
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ACTIVITY A PRESUMPTIVE TEST FOR BLOOD - PDF Free Download
It is a classic scene: a room seemingly clean is shown to be in fact splattered in blood, all thanks to a magic spray and some ultraviolet light. So what is this magical spray, and does it really work? Luminol Generally when a spray is used to detect blood, the chemical used is called Luminol. Luminol or 3-aminophthalhydrazine 1 will give off a blue light when in the presence of an oxidising agent such as hydrogen peroxide. However, in order to produce a substantial amount of visible light a catalyst is required 2. One such catalyst is iron, and therefore if Luminol and hydrogen peroxide come into contact with blood the reaction will be catalysed by the iron in the haemoglobin found within red blood cells.
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A Presumptive Test For Blood Answers
So Luminol is pre-mixed with hydrogen peroxide in a spray ready to use at a crime scene and this is what you see being used on television. While at first glance this seems like a fantastic solution to the problem of how to detect blood residue, there are several issues with its use. The most significant is that the reaction is not specific to blood and it will in fact emit light in the presence of a range of substances including plant materials, metals and cleaning products such as bleach. Therefore Luminol is not suitable for use at a scene where it is suspected that bleach has been used to clean the scene, and any positive result must be taken as a presumptive positive and followed up by analytical tests to confirm the presence of blood.
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Friday, May 28, 2021
Activity 8 1 A Presumptive Test For Blood Answers
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